|
Abbreviations Used in Transcription |
8-13 |
|
Chapter One Introduction |
13-16 |
|
Chapter Two Literature Review |
16-32 |
|
2.1 Definitions of Referring Expressions |
16-17 |
|
2.2 The Philosophical Approach |
17-22 |
|
2.2.1 Sense and Reference |
18-19 |
|
2.2.2 Uses of Referring Expressions---Referential%26Attribuive |
19-20 |
|
2.2.3 Uses of Referring Expressions---Deictic %26 Anaphoric |
20-22 |
|
2.3 Linguistic Approach |
22-29 |
|
2.3.1 Referring Expressions in Syntactic Study |
22-24 |
|
2.3.2 Referring Expressions in Pragmatic Study |
24-27 |
|
2.3.3 Referring Expressions in Cognitive Study |
27-29 |
|
2.4 Summary |
29-30 |
|
2.5 Study Orientation |
30-32 |
|
Chapter Three A Unified Approach on Referring Expressions |
32-50 |
|
3.1 Theoretical Framework of the Unified Approach |
33-35 |
|
3.2 Elaboration on the Unified Approach |
35-47 |
|
3.2.1 General Pragmatic rule---Referential Intention |
35-40 |
|
3.2.1.1 Intention |
35-37 |
|
3.2.1.2 Referential Intention |
37-40 |
|
3.2.2 Specific Linguistic Model--- Givenness Hierarchy |
40-47 |
|
3.2.2.1 Introducing Givenness Hierarchy |
40-45 |
|
3.2.2.2 Comment on Givenness Hierarchy |
45-47 |
|
3.3 Correlation between General Pragmatic Rule and Specific Linguistic Model |
47-50 |
|
3.3.1 Bridge between General and Linguistic Modules---Gradation |
47-48 |
|
3.3.2 Explanatory Adequacy of the Unified Approach |
48-50 |
|
Chapter Four Influence of Conversation Structure on Referring Expressions |
50-78 |
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4.1 Conversation Analysis |
50-52 |
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4.2 Conversation Structure |
52-56 |
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4.2.1 Turn Construction |
52-54 |
|
4.2.2 Repairs |
54-56 |
|
4.3 Influence of Conversation Structure on Referring Expressions |
56-78 |
|
4.3.1 Influence of Turn Construction on Referring Expressions |
57-71 |
|
4.3.1.1 Fox’s Discourse Model |
58-60 |
|
4.3.1.2 Locally Initial and Subsequent Reference |
60-71 |
|
4.3.2 Influence of Anaphoric Repairs on Referring Expressions |
71-78 |
|
4.3.2.1 Types of Anaphoric Repair |
72-76 |
|
4.3.2.2 Reasons of Anaphoric Repair |
76-78 |
|
Chapter Five Empirical Study of the Referring Expressions in Chinese Conversation |
78-121 |
|
5.1 Methodology |
78-81 |
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5.1.1 The Data |
78-81 |
|
5.1.2 Procedures |
81 |
|
5.2 Testing of the Unified Approach |
81-92 |
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5.2.1 Testing of the Linguistic Pragmatic Model---Givenness Hierarchy |
82-89 |
|
5.2.1.1 Distribution Pattern of Referring Expressions |
82-85 |
|
5.2.1.2 Implicational Relatedness |
85-87 |
|
5.2.1.3 Empirical Evidences for Nei ‘That’ |
87-89 |
|
5.2.2 Testing of the General Level---Referential Intention |
89-92 |
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5.3 Detailed Discussion of Different Referring Forms |
92-103 |
|
5.3.1 Zero Anaphora |
92-98 |
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5.3.1.1 Zero Anaphora in ‘In –Focus’ |
93-96 |
|
5.3.1.2 Zero Anaphora in ‘Type-identifiable’ |
96-98 |
|
5.3.2 Personal Pronouns |
98-103 |
|
5.4 Testing of Influence of Conversation Structure on Referring Expressions |
103-119 |
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5.4.1 Influence of Turn Construction |
103-113 |
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5.4.1.1 Locally initial reference form in locally subsequent position |
104-108 |
|
5.4.1.2 Locally subsequent reference form in locally initial position |
108-113 |
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5.4.2 Influence of Repair on Referring Expressions |
113-119 |
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5.5 Summary |
119-121 |
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Chapter Six Conclusion |
121-126 |
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Bibliography |
126-131 |
|
Abstract(Chinese) |
131-135 |
|
Abstract(English) |
135-140 |
|
Acknowledgement |
140 |
