|
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS |
6-7 |
|
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
7-8 |
|
摘要 |
8-9 |
|
Abstract |
9-11 |
|
前言 |
11-15 |
|
Chapter 1 Introduction and Remarks |
15-17 |
|
1.1 Defining scalar implicatures |
15-16 |
|
1.2 The rational for studying scalar implicatures |
16-17 |
|
Chapter 2 General Survey on Scalar Implicatures |
17-32 |
|
2.1 Basic definition of scalar implicatures |
17-19 |
|
2.1.1 The origin of scalar implicatures |
17-18 |
|
2.1.2 The property of scalar implicatures——defeasibility |
18 |
|
2.1.3 Conditions of scale item |
18-19 |
|
2.1.4 Background on the pragmatics of scalar terms |
19 |
|
2.2. Previous research on scalar implicatures |
19-32 |
|
2.2.1. Theory review |
19-26 |
|
2.2.1.1 Grice's approach and its problems |
19-20 |
|
2.1.1.2 Neo-Gricean approach and its problem |
20-24 |
|
2.1.1.3 Post-Gricean's approach and its problem |
24-26 |
|
2.2.2 Experimental study of scalar implicatures |
26-29 |
|
2.2.2.1 Experimental study of language acquisition based on scalar implicatures |
26-28 |
|
2.2.2.2 Experimental study of testing the feature of scalar implicatures |
28-29 |
|
2.2.3 Logic Review and its problem |
29-32 |
|
Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework: Default Theory |
32-42 |
|
3.1 Nonmonotonic Inference——The logic base of default theory |
32-37 |
|
3.1.1 The definition of nonmonotonic logic |
32 |
|
3.1.2 The importance of nonmonotonic logic |
32 |
|
3.1.3 The conception of nonmonotonic inference |
32-33 |
|
3.1.4 Typology of Nonmonotonic Reasoning System |
33-37 |
|
3.2 Default Theory: the theoretical framework |
37-42 |
|
3.2.1 The formulae of default theory |
37 |
|
3.2.2 The explanation of default reasoning |
37-39 |
|
3.2.3 The characteristics of default reasoning |
39 |
|
3.2.4 Applications of default reasoning |
39-42 |
|
3.2.4.1 Inheritance hierarchies |
39-40 |
|
3.2.4.2 Closed-world database |
40 |
|
3.2.4.3 Diagnosis |
40-41 |
|
3.2.4.4 Reasoning about action |
41-42 |
|
Chapter 4 Scalar implicature: A default approach |
42-62 |
|
4.1. Problems in understanding scalar implicatures |
42-45 |
|
4.1.1. Problem about the definition of scalar implicatures |
42-43 |
|
4.1.2 Problem about condition of scalar implicatures |
43-44 |
|
4.1.3 Dispute on scalar implicatures — GCI or PCI |
44-45 |
|
4.2 The interface between Scalar implicatures and Default theory |
45-62 |
|
4.2.1 Default property of scalar implicatures |
45-47 |
|
4.2.2 Applying default reasoning to understanding scalar implicatures with different sorts of items |
47-62 |
|
4.2.2.1. Entailed scalar items with default reasoning |
48-51 |
|
4.2.2.2 Superordinate and subordinate scalar item |
51-52 |
|
4.2.2.3 Nonce scalar item |
52-54 |
|
4.2.2.4 Putative scale |
54-55 |
|
4.2.2.5 Grammatical morpheme scale item |
55-56 |
|
4.2.2.6 Definite and indefinite article |
56-58 |
|
4.2.2.7 Others |
58-62 |
|
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Remarks |
62-65 |
|
5.1 Summary of the thesis |
62-65 |
|
5.1.1 Contribution of the thesis |
62-63 |
|
5.1.2 Application |
63 |
|
5.1.3 Remaining problems |
63-65 |
|
References |
65-68 |
