|
摘要 |
5-6 |
|
Abstract |
6-7 |
|
Acknowledgements |
7-11 |
|
Introduction |
11-13 |
|
Chapter 1 Literature Review |
13-32 |
|
1.1 Definitions of Metaphor on Different Stages of Studies on Metaphor |
13-22 |
|
1.1.1 Rhetoric Studies on Metaphor |
14-16 |
|
1.1.2 Semantic Views of Metaphor |
16-19 |
|
1.1.3 Interdisciplinary Studies on Metaphor |
19-22 |
|
1.2 Metaphor and Culture |
22-28 |
|
1.2.1 The Term “culture”in the Anthropological Sense |
22-24 |
|
1.2.2 The Interdependent Relationship between Metaphor and Culture |
24-25 |
|
1.2.3 Cross-Cultural Studies on Metaphors |
25-28 |
|
1.2.3.1 Zoltan K?vecses |
25-26 |
|
1.2.3.2 Ning Yu |
26-27 |
|
1.2.3.3 Naomi Quinn |
27-28 |
|
1.3 Previous Studies of Cattle in the Language |
28-32 |
|
1.3.1 The Influences of Cattle on Human Language |
28-29 |
|
1.3.2 Previous Studies of Cattle |
29-32 |
|
Chapter 2 Metaphors in Chinese and English: A Case Study of “牛” and “cow/bull” |
32-47 |
|
2.1 Explanations on the Linguistic Data and Classification of Metaphors |
32-35 |
|
2.1.1 The Reason for Choosing Chinese “牛”and English “cow/bull” |
32-34 |
|
2.1.2 Classification Method of Metaphors about Chinese “牛”and English “cow/bull” |
34-35 |
|
2.2 Metaphors of Chinese “牛” |
35-40 |
|
2.2.1 “牛”→“strong persons” |
35-36 |
|
2.2.2 “牛”→“humble persons” |
36-37 |
|
2.2.3 “牛”→“sluggish and clumsy persons” |
37-38 |
|
2.2.4 “牛”→“industrious persons” |
38-39 |
|
2.2.5 “牛”→“stubborn persons” |
39 |
|
2.2.6 “牛”→“arrogant persons” |
39-40 |
|
2.2.7 “牛”→“unpleasant persons” |
40 |
|
2.3 Metaphors of English “cow/bull” |
40-43 |
|
2.3.1 “bull”→“strong persons” |
40-41 |
|
2.3.2 “cow”→“sluggish and clumsy persons” |
41 |
|
2.3.3 “bull”→“stubborn persons” |
41-42 |
|
2.3.4 “bull”→“irritable and aggressive persons” |
42-43 |
|
2.3.5 “cow”→“unpleasant persons” |
43 |
|
2.4 Similarities of Metaphors about Chinese “牛”and English “cow/bull” |
43-44 |
|
2.5 Differences of Metaphors about Chinese “牛”and English “cow/bull” |
44-47 |
|
Chapter 3 Cultural Analysis of Metaphors about Chinese “牛”and English “Cow/Bull” |
47-62 |
|
3.1 Reasons Accounting for the Similarities between Chinese “牛” and English “cow/bull”Metaphors |
47-50 |
|
3.1.1 Similar Structure of Human Brain |
48-49 |
|
3.1.2 Similar Bodily Experience |
49-50 |
|
3.2 Reasons Accounting for the Differences between Chinese “牛” and English “cow/bull”Metaphors |
50-55 |
|
3.2.1 Different Geography and Living Style |
51-52 |
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3.2.2 Different Customs and Traditions |
52-53 |
|
3.2.3 Different Religious Beliefs and Literary Works |
53-55 |
|
3.3 Summary of My Findings |
55-59 |
|
3.3.1 My Findings |
56-58 |
|
3.3.2 Limitations of My Study |
58-59 |
|
3.4 Its Applications to Language Teaching |
59-62 |
|
Chapter 4 Conclusion |
62-64 |
|
References |
64-66 |
